Publications

In this section you can access all the publications of the Computer Graphics Group: articles in congresses, theses, journal articles, books, etc. Users can find material linked to Mixed Reality, Video Games, Real Time Graphics or Simulation.

Main Publications

Indexed Journals

2019

Munoz-Montoya, F., Juan, M.-Carmen, Mendez-Lopez, M., Fidalgo, C. (2019) Augmented Reality Based on SLAM to Assess Spatial Short-Term Memory. IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 2453 – 2466. JCR-Impact-Factor: 3.557 (2017).
Munoz-Montoya, F., Fidalgo, C., Juan, M.-Carmen, Mendez-Lopez, M. (2019) Memory for Object Location in Augmented Reality: The Role of Gender and the Relationship Among Spatial and Anxiety Outcomes. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 13, Article N. 113. JCR-Impact-Factor: 2.871 (2017).

2018

Rodríguez-Andrés, D., Mendez-Lopez, M., Juan, M.-Carmen, Perez-Hernandez, E.. (2018) A Virtual Object-Location Task for Children: Gender and Videogame Experience Influence Navigation; Age Impacts Memory and Completion Time. Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 451, N. 9, pp. 1 – 13. JCR-Impact-Factor: 2.321 (2016).

2017

Martín-SanJosé, J. F., Juan, M. C., Mollá, R., Vivó, R. (2017). Advanced displays and natural user interfaces to support learning. Interactive Learning Environments, vol. 25, N. 1, pp. 17-34. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.175 (2015).
Calle-Bustos, A.M., Juan, M.C., García-García, I., Abad, F. (2017). An augmented reality game to support therapeutic education for children with diabetes. PLOS ONE 12(9): e0184645. JCR-Impact-Factor: 2.806 (2016).

2016

Mendez-Lopez, M., Perez-Hernandez, E., Juan, M. C. (2016). Learning in the navigational space: Age differences in a short-term memory for objects task.Learning and individual differences, vol. 60, pp. 11-22. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.631 (2015)
Rodríguez-Andrés, D., Juan, M.C., Méndez-López, M., Pérez-Hernández, E., Lluch, J. (2016). MnemoCity Task: Assessment of Childrens Spatial Memory Using Stereoscopy and Virtual Environments. PLOS ONE 11(8): e0161858. JCR-Impact-Factor: 2.806 (2016).

2015

Martín-SanJosé, J. F., Juan, M. C., Seguí, I., García-García, I. (2015). The effects of computer-based games and collaboration in large groups vs. collaboration in pairs or traditional methods. Computers & Education, vol. 87, pp. 42-54. JCR-Impact-Factor: 2.881 (2015).

2014

Juan, M. C., Mendez-Lopez, M., Perez-Hernandez, E., Albiol, S. (2014). Augmented Reality for the assessment of children’s spatial memory in real settings. PLoS ONE, vol. 9, n. 12, e113751. JCR-Impact-Factor: 3.234 (2014),.
Arino, J. J., Juan, M. C., Gil-Gómez, J. A., Mollá, R. (2014). A comparative study using autostereoscopic display with augmented and virtual reality. Behaviour&Information Technology, vol. 33, n. 6, pp. 646-655. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.891 (2014)
Martín-SanJosé, J. F., Juan, M. C., Gil-Gómez, J. A., Rando, N. (2014). Flexible learning itinerary vs. linear learning itinerary. Science of Computer Programming, vol. 88, pp. 3-21. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.715 (2014)
Martín-SanJosé, J. F., Juan, M. C., Torres, E., Vicent, M. J. (2014). Playful interaction for learning collaboratively and individually. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Enviroments, vol. 6, pp. 295-311. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.063 (2014)

2013

Furió, D., Gónzalez-Gancedo, S., Juan, M. C., Seguí, I., Rando, N. (2013). Evaluation of learning outcomes using an educational iPhone game vs. traditional game. Computers&Education, vol. 64, pp. 1-23. JCR-Impact-Factor: 2.630 (2013).
Furió, D., Gónzalez-Gancedo, S., Juan, M. C., Seguí, I., Costa, M. (2013). The effects of the size and weight of a Mobile device on an educational game. Computers&Education, vol. 64, pp. 24-41. JCR-Impact-Factor: 2.630 (2013).

2011

Juan, M. C., Calatrava, J. (2011). An augmented reality system for the treatment of phobia to small animals viewed via an optical see-through HMD. Comparison with a similar system viewed via a video see-through. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 27, n. 5, pp. 436-449. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.949 (2011).
Juan, M. C., Joele, D., (2011). A comparative study of the sense of presence and anxiety in an invisible marker versus a marker augmented reality system for the treatment of phobia towards small animals. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 69, n. 6, pp. 440-453. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.171 (2011).

2010

Rupérez, M. J., Monserrat, C., Alemany, S., Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M. (2010). Contact model, fit process and foot animation for the virtual simulator of the footwear comfort. Computer-Aided Design, vol. 42, pp. 425-431. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.542 (2010).
Juan, M. C., Pérez, D. (2010). Using augmented and virtual reality for the development of acrophobic scenarios. Comparison of the levels of presence and anxiety. Computers&Graphics, vol. 34, pp. 756-766. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.735 (2010).

2009

Juan, M. C., Pérez, D. (2009). Comparison of the levels of presence and anxiety in an acrophobic environment viewed via HMD or CAVE. Presence: Teleoperators and virtual environments, vol. 18, n. 3, pp. 232-248. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.241 (2009).
Bretón-López. J., Botella, C., Quero, S., Baños, R. M., Juan, M. C., Zaragozá, I., García-Palacios, A., Alcañiz, M. (2009). Treating cockroach phobia using a mobile game and augmented reality: a case study. CyberPsychology&Behavior, vol. 12, n. 5, pp. 591-592. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.591 (2009)

2008

Ortega, M., Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M., Gil, J. A., Monserrat, C. (2008). Deformable brain atlas. Validation of the location of subthalamic nucleus using T1-weighted MR Images of patients operated on for Parkinson’s. Computerized medical imaging and graphics, vol. 32, n. 5, pp. 367-378. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.192 (2008).

2006

Juan, M. C., Baños, R., Botella, C., Pérez, D., Alcañiz, M., Monserrat, C. (2006). An augmented reality system for acrophobia. The sense of presence using immersive photography. Presence: Teleoperators and virtual environments, vol. 15, n. 4, pp. 393-402. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.0 (2006).
Juan, M. C., Botella, C., Baños, R., Alcañiz, M., Joele, D., Van der Mast, C. (2006). Treating phobia to small animals using augmented reality.CyberPsychology&Behavior, vol. 9, n. 6, pp. 684-684. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.061 (2006)
Juan, M. C., Pérez, D., Alcañiz, M. (2006). An augmented reality book for storing past and future events. CyberPsychology&Behavior, vol. 9, n. 6, pp. 684-685. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.061 (2006)
Lozano, J. A., Alcañiz, M., Botella, C., Castilla, D., Juan, M. C., Lasso, N., Llorca, G., García-Palacios, A., Quero, S., Baños, R. (2006). Butler project: a cognitive and emotional tele-assistance system for elderly. CyberPsychology&Behavior, vol. 9, n. 6, pp. 696-697. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.061 (2006)

2005

Pithoux, M., López, O., Meier, U., Monserrat, C., Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M. (2005). ParSys: A new particle system for the introduction of on-line physical behaviour to three-dimensional synthetic objects. Computer&Graphics, vol. 29, n. 1, pp. 135-144. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.641 (2005)
Meier, U., López, O., Monserrat, C., Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M. (2005). Real-time deformable models for surgery simulation: A survey. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 77, n. 3, pp. 183-197. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.788 (2005)
Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M., Monserrat, C., Botella, C., Baños, R., Guerrero, B. (2005). Using Augmented Reality to treat phobias. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 25, n. 6, pp. 31-37. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.152 (2005).
Lozano, J. A., Montesa, J., Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M., Rey, B., Gil, J. A., Martínez, J. M., Gaggioli, A., Morganti, F. (2005). VR-Mirror: A virtual reality system for mental practice in post-stroke rehabilitation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Smart Graphics 2005, vol. 3638, pp. 241-251. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.402 (2005)
Botella, C. M., Juan, M. C., Baños, R. M., Alcañiz, M., Guillen, V., Rey, B. (2005). Mixing Realities? An Application of Augmented Reality for the Treatment of Cockroach Phobia. CyberPsychology&Behaviour, vol. 8, n. 2, pp. 162-171. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.028 (2005)
Alcañiz, M., Rey, B., Montesa, J., Lozano, J. A., Juan, M. C. (2005). Real time changing virtual environments: a new tool for virtual therapy.CyberPsychology&Behaviour, vol. 8, n. 4, pp. 300-300. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.028 (2005)
Juan, M. C., Botella, C., Baños, R. M., Guerrero, B., Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M., Rey, B., Gil, J. A. (2005). ARSpiders: A new system for the treatment of Arachnophobia.CyberPsychology&Behaviour, vol. 8, n. 4, pp. 300-301. JCR-Impact-Factor: 1.028 (2005)

2004

Grau, V., Alcañiz, M., Monserrat, C., Juan, M. C., Martí-Bonmatí, L. (2004). Hierarchical image segmentation using a correspondence with a tree model. Pattern Recognition, vol. 37, n. 1, pp. 47-59. JCR-Impact-Factor: 2.176 (2004)

2001

Monserrat, C., Meier, U., Alcañiz, M., Chinesta, F., Juan, M. C. (2001). A new approach for the real-time simulation of tissue deformations in surgery simulation. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, vol. 64, n. 2, pp. 77-85. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.559 (2001)
Grau, V., Alcañiz, M., Juan, M. C., Monserrat, C., Knoll, C. (2001). Automatic localization of cephalometric landmarks. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol. 34, n. 3, pp. 146-156. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.655 (2001)

1999

- Knoll, C., Alcañiz, M., Grau, V., Monserrat, C., Juan, M. C. (1999). Outlining of the prostate using snakes with shape restrictions based on the wavelet transform. Pattern recognition, vol. 32, n. 10, pp. 1767-1781. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.979 (1999)
- Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M., Monserrat, C., Grau, V., Knoll, C. (1999). Computer-Aided Periodontal Disease Diagnosis using Computer Vision. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 23, n. 4, pp. 209-217. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.402 (1999).
- Roldán, P., Barcia-Salorio, J. L., Talamantes, F., Alcañiz, M., Grau, V., Monserrat, C., Juan, M. C. (1999). Interactive image-guided surgery system with high-performance computing capabilities on low-cost workstations: a prototype. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, vol. 72, n. 2-4, pp. 112-116. JCR-Impact-Factor: 0.446 (1999).

Non-Indexed Journals

2019

Juan, M.C., Charco, J.L., García-García, I., Mollá, R. (2019). An augmented reality app to learn to interpret the nutritional information on labels of real packaged foods. Frontiers in Computer ScienceComputers 1: 1.

2018

Juan, M.C., García-García, I., Mollá, R., López, R. (2018). Users’ perceptions using low-end and high-end mobile-rendered HMDs: A comparative study. Computers 7: 15.

2016

Juan, M.C., Alexandrescu, L., Folguera, F., García-García, I. (2016). A mobile Augmented Reality system for the learning of dental morphology. Digital Education Review, vol. 30, pp. 234-247.

2015

Martín-SanJosé, J.F.; Juan, M.C.; Vivó. R.; Abad, F. (2015) The effects of images on multiple-choice questions in computer-based formative assessment. Digital Education Review (28)123 – 144.

2013

Folguera, F., Juan, M. C., Herrero, A., Alexandrescu, L. (2013). Introducción a una nueva dimensión en la morfología dentaria: ARDental (Realidad Aumentada Dental) / Introduction to a new dimension in dental morphology: ARDental (Augmented Reality Dental). Gaceta Dental, vol. 252, pp. 200-209

2007

Juan, M. C., Gamberini, L., Alcañiz, M., Zaragozá, I., Martino, F. (2007). Augmented group presence in PASION project: Presentation of a first applications developer prototype. Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine (Cybertherapy 2007), vol. 5, pp. 71-76

2006

Juan, M. C., Joele, D., Botella, C., Baños, R., Alcañiz, M., Van der Mast, C. (2006). The use of a visible and/or invisible marker augmented reality system for the treatment of phobia to small animals. Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine (Cybertherapy 2006), vol. 4, pp. 33-37

2005

Alcañiz, M., Rey, B., Montesa, J., Lozano, J. A., Juan, M. C. (2005). Real time changing virtual environments: a new tool for virtual therapy. Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine (Cybertherapy 2005), vol. 3, pp. 19-24

2003

Meier, U., Monserrat, C., Alcañiz, M., Juan, M. C., Grau, V., Gil, J. A. (2003). Simulación quirúrgica. ACTA (Autores Científico-Técnicos y Académicos), Manual Formativo, vol. 29, pp. 121-131

2000

Juan, M. C. (2000). Graphic Libraries for Windows programming. Crossroads, The ACM Student Magazine, vol. 6, n. 4, pp. 14-18
Hernández, J., Juan, M. C., Minaya, N., Monserrat, C.(2000). Extracción y visualización de conocimientos de bases de datos médicas. ACTA (Autores Científico-Técnicos y Académicos), Manual Formativo, vol. 18, pp. 47-60

1999

Juan, M. C., Monserrat, C., Hernández, J. (1999). Síntesis de imágenes en imagen médica. ACTA (Autores Científico-Técnicos y Académicos), Manual Formativo, vol. 11, pp. 43-55
Juan, M. C., Monserrat, C., Grau, V. (1999). Atlas Cerebrales. Contribución de la informática en su evolución. ACTA (Autores Científico-Técnicos y Académicos), Manual Formativo, vol. 12, pp. 55-60

1998

Juan, M. C. (1998). ¿Cómo incorporar voz a nuestras aplicaciones?. ACTA (Autores Científico-Técnicos y Académicos), Manual Formativo, vol. 10, pp. 59-70

1997

Juan, M. C., Monserrat, C., Alcañiz, M., Grau, V., Knoll, C. (1997). Splines deformables. Un método de modelado de geometrías complejas. Aplicación al modelado de estructuras anatómicas. Anales de Ingeniería Gráfica, vol. enero-diciembre, n. 1, pp. 25-33

Indexed Conferences

2017

Cárdenas-Delgado, S., Juan, M. C., Méndez-López, M., Pérez-Hernández, E. (2017). Could people with stereo-deficiencies have a rich 3D experience using HMDS?. The 16th IFIP TC.13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT2017). Mumbai (India). LNCS, 10513. Part I. pp. 97-116. CORE ‘A’.
Cárdenas-Delgado, S., Méndez-López, M., Juan, M. C., Pérez-Hernández, E., Lluch, J., Vivó, R. (2017). Using a virtual maze task to asess spatial short-term memory in adults. International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (GRAPP 2017). Porto (Portugal). pp. 46-57. CORE ‘B
Loachamín-Valencia, M., Juan, M. C., Méndez-López, M., Pérez-Hernández, E. (2017). Auditory and spatial assessment in innattentive children using smart devices and gesture interaction. The 17th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT2017). Timisoara (Romania). pp. 106-110. CORE ‘B’
Rodríguez-Andrés, D., Juan, M. C., Mollá, R., Méndez-López, M. (2017). A 3D serious game for dental learning in higher education. The 17th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT2017). Timisoara (Romania). pp. 111-115. CORE ‘B’
Juan, M. C., Loachamín-Valencia, M., García-García, I., Melchor, J.M., Benedito, J. (2017). ARCoins. An Augmented Reality app for learning about numismatics.The 17th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT2017). Timisoara (Romania). pp. 466-468. CORE ‘B

2013

Furió, D., Juan, M. C., Seguí, I., Vicent, M. J., Abad, F. (2013). Comparing touch and tilt interaction using an iPhone game for children. International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (GRAPP 2013). Barcelona (Spain). pp. 389-392. CORE ‘A’
González-Gancedo, S., Juan, M. C., Seguí, I., Abad, F. (2013). Tactile and tangible interfaces in handheld AR for children. International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (GRAPP 2013). Barcelona (Spain). pp. 393-396. CORE ‘A’

2012

González, S., Juan, M. C., Seguí, I., Rando, N., Cano, J. (2012). Towards a mixed reality learning environment in the classroom. International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (GRAPP 2012). Rome (Italy). pp. 434-439. CORE ‘A’
Arino, J. J., Juan, M. C., González, S., Seguí, I., Vivó, R. (2012). Augmented reality with autoestereoscopic visualization. A comparative study using autoestereoscopic display versus a common display. International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (GRAPP 2012). Rome (Italy). pp. 419-425. CORE ‘A’
Rovelo, G., Abad, F., Juan, M. C., Camahort, E. (2012). Stereoscopic vision in desktop augmented reality. User performance in the presence of conflicting depth cues. International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (GRAPP 2012). Rome (Italy). pp. 460-465. CORE ‘A’
Rovelo, G., Abad, F., Juan, M. C., Camahort, E. (2012). Assessing a multimodal user interface in a target acquisition task. International British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Conference (BCS HCI 2012). Birmingham (United Kingdom). pp. 165-174. CORE ‘A’

2011

Juan, M. C., Furió, D., Alem, L., Ashworth, P., Cano, J. (2011). ARGreenet and BasicGreenet: Two mobile games for learning how to recycle. International Conferences in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision (WSCG 2011). Pilsen (Czech Republic). Paper Code: H61, pp. 25-32. CORE ‘B’.
Juan, M. C., Carrizo, M., Giménez, M., Abad, F. (2011). Using an augmented reality game to find matching pairs. International Conferences in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision (WSCG 2011). Pilsen (Czech Republic). Paper Code: I13, pp. 59-66. CORE ‘B’.

2010

Juan, M. C., Toffetti, G., Abad, F., Cano, J. (2010). Tangible cubes used as the user interface in an augmented reality game for edutainment. The 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2010). Sousse (Tunisia). pp. 599-603. CORE ‘B’.
Juan, M. C., Llop, E., Abad, F., Lluch, J. (2010). Learning words using augmented reality. The 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2010). Sousse (Tunisia). pp. 422-426. CORE ‘B’.

2009

De la Re, A., Abad, F., Camahort, E., Juan, M. C. (2009). Tools for procedural generation of plants in virtual scenes. International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2009). Baton Rouge, Louisiana (U.S.A.). vol. 5545, pp. 801-810. CORE ‘A’

2008

Juan, M. C., Beatrice, F., Cano, J. (2008). An augmented reality system for learning the interior of the human body. The 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2008). Santander (Spain). pp. 186-188. CORE ‘A’.
Juan, M. C., Canu, R., Giménez, M. (2008). Augmented reality interactive storytelling systems using tangible cubes for edutainment. The 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2008). Santander (Spain). pp. 233-235. CORE ‘A’.

2006

Juan, M. C., Joele, D., Baños, R., Botella, C., Alcañiz, M., Van der Mast, C. (2006). A markerless augmented reality system for the treatment of phobia to small animals. The 9th International Workshop on Presence (PRESENCE 2006). Cleveland, Ohio (U.S.A.). pp. 71-74. CORE ‘B’

2005

Juan, M. C., Pérez, D., Tomás, D., Rey, B., Alcañiz, M., Botella, C., Baños, R. (2005). An augmented reality system for the treatment of acrophobia. The 8th International Workshop on Presence (PRESENCE 2005). London (United Kingdom). pp. 315-318. CORE ‘B’

2004

Juan, M. C., Botella, C., Alcañiz, M., Baños, R., Carrión, C., Melero, M., Lozano, J. A. (2004). An augmented reality system for treating psychological disorders: Application to phobia to cockroaches. The 3rd IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2004). Arlington, Virginia (U.S.A.). pp. 256-257. CORE ‘A+’

2003

Alcañiz, M., Varvaró;, H., Martínez, J. M., Torres, R., Juan, M. C., Monserrat, C., Gil, J. A. (2003). Mixed reality for neurosurgery: A novel prototype. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR 2003). Newport Beach, California (U.S.A.). pp. 11-15. CORE ‘A’
Alcañiz, M., Monserrat, C., Meier, U., Juan, M. C., Grau, V., Gil, J. A. (2003). GeRTISS: Generic real time surgery simulation. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR 2003). Newport Beach, California (U.S.A.). pp. 16-18. CORE ‘A’

2002

Lozano, J. A., Alcañiz, M., Gil, J. A., Monserrat, C., Juan, M. C., Grau, V., Varvaró, H. (2002). Virtual food in virtual environments for the treatment of eating disorders. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR 2002). Newport Beach, California (U.S.A.). pp. 268-273. CORE ‘A’

2001

Grau, V., Alcañiz, M., Monserrat, C., Juan, M. C., Gil, J. A. (2001). Medical image segmentation using a tree model. 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Istanbul (Turkey). CD-ROM Edition. pp. 4-4. CORE ‘C’

2000

Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M., Hernández, V., Montesinos, A., Barcia, J. L., Monserrat, C., Grau, V. (2000). A new efficient method for 3D registration using human brain atlases. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR 2000). Newport Beach, California (U.S.A.). pp. 153-155. CORE ‘A’
Grau, V., Alcañiz, M., Knoll, C., Juan, M. C., Monserrat, C. (2000). Multiresolution segmentation of three-dimensional medical images using mathematical morphology techniques. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR 2000). Newport Beach, California (U.S.A.). pp. 110-112. CORE ‘A’

1999

Alcañiz, M., Grau, V., Monserrat, C., Juan, M. C., Albalat, S. (1999). A system for the simulation and planning of orthodontic treatment using a low cost 3D laser scanner for dental anatomy capturing. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR 1999). Newport Beach, California (U.S.A.). pp. 8-14. CORE ‘A’
Montserrat, C., Juan, M. C., Alcañiz, M., Grau, V., Knoll, C. (1999). Deformation simulation algorithms of elastic tissues in ‘real-time’ based in elasticity theory.Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR 1999). Newport Beach, California (U.S.A.). pp. 21-22. CORE ‘A’.